![]() ![]() Instead, it occurs in cycles they may revisit – or relapse – to prior stages before moving on to the next.Īn individual may maintain their diet for months, but then on vacation, return to their old ways. However, it is essential to note that the client’s behavior through earlier stages may not be linear. At this point, even if bored or depressed, the client will not return to their former way of coping (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). The final stage, termination, is perhaps more of a destination – an end state. Maintenance – regular exercise lasting longer than six months.Action – exercising for less than six months.Contemplation – seriously considering the need for change.Precontemplation – failing to recognize the need for change.TTM identifies six stages of readiness experienced by an individual attempting to change (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997 Liu, Kueh, Arifin, Kim, & Kuan, 2018): As such, it provides a useful tool for therapists, counselors, and health professionals working with clients and patients. The model helps us understand not only the process by which clients make an intentional change, but also the support from themselves and others that can help. In earlier stages, we see more cons than pros, but over time, in later stages, the balance shifts, and we start to see increased benefits to behavioral change. Our perception of change – for example, altering our diet or increasing exercise –transforms over time. Ten processes capture the critical mechanisms for driving change.īeliefs and confidence develop as a client moves through the stages.įactors such as risk, resources, and obstacles provide context and influence change. TTM is a model, rather than a single method for change, combining four key constructs and a temporal dimension – not present in other theories at that time – that can help a client understand behavioral transformation.Įach of the six stages must be completed in order to implement behavioral change into a client’s lifestyle. The TTM offers a theory of healthy behavior adoption and its progression through six different stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. The Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) – the result of the analysis of more than 300 psychotherapy theories – was initially developed in 1977 by James Prochaska of the University of Rhode Island and Carlo Di Clemente (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). 4 Ways to Use Motivational Interviewing.5 Worksheets to Aid Your Clients’ Process.These detailed, science-based exercises will help you or your clients create actionable goals and master techniques to create lasting behavior change. In this article, we look at the model, explore the stages and multiple factors involved in change, and identify worksheets that can help you or your client.īefore you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Goal Achievement Exercises for free. The Transtheoretical Model of Change explains the stages we pass through when we change our behavior and provides the insights we need to intervene and move on in life. ![]() Sometimes we choose it, and sometimes it just happens. He has since been named as one of the “ Top 100 Most Influential People in the World” by Time magazine.Ĭhange can take many forms. Once home, he rooted through boxes, took out an old pair of sneakers, and did something he hadn’t done since college: he started running (Karnazes, 2006).Īnd he carried on, and on, becoming famous for winning several ultra-marathons and running across America. Perhaps unexpectedly, he made his excuses and left. One way or another, what he decided next would determine his future. ![]() That evening, he was drunk and out with friends at a night club in San Francisco when a beautiful young woman approached him. Despite a successful career and a happy marriage, he was lost and disillusioned. It was Dean Karnazes’s 30th birthday, and he felt trapped. ![]()
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